# Supported SQL for Aurora DSQL
<a name="working-with-postgresql-compatibility-supported-sql-features"></a>

Aurora DSQL supports a wide range of core PostgreSQL SQL features. In the following sections, you can learn about general PostgreSQL expression support. This list is not exhaustive.

## `SELECT` command
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Aurora DSQL supports the following clauses of the `SELECT` command.


| Primary clause | Supported clauses | 
| --- | --- | 
| `FROM` |  | 
| `GROUP BY` | `ALL`, `DISTINCT` | 
| `ORDER BY` | `ASC`, `DESC`, `NULLS` | 
| `LIMIT` |  | 
| `DISTINCT` |  | 
| `HAVING` |  | 
| `USING` |  | 
| `WITH` (common table expressions) |  | 
| `INNER JOIN` | `ON` | 
| `OUTER JOIN` | `LEFT`, `RIGHT`, `FULL`, `ON` | 
| `CROSS JOIN` | `ON` | 
| `UNION` | `ALL` | 
| `INTERSECT` | `ALL` | 
| `EXCEPT` | `ALL` | 
| `OVER` | `RANK ()`, `PARTITION BY` | 
| `FOR { UPDATE \| KEY SHARE }` | Transaction limits apply. For more information, see [Cluster quotas and database limits in Amazon Aurora DSQL](CHAP_quotas.md). To understand how this impacts concurrent transactions, see [Concurrency control in Aurora DSQL](working-with-concurrency-control.md).  | 

## Data Definition Language (DDL)
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Aurora DSQL supports the following PostgreSQL DDL commands.


| Command | Primary Clause | Supported Clauses | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| `CREATE` | `TABLE` | For information about the supported syntax of the `CREATE TABLE` command, see [`CREATE TABLE`](create-table-syntax-support.md). | 
| `ALTER` | `TABLE` | For information about the supported syntax of the `ALTER TABLE` command, see [`ALTER TABLE`](alter-table-syntax-support.md). | 
| `DROP` | `TABLE` |  | 
| `CREATE` | `[UNIQUE] INDEX ASYNC` | Index keys can be column names or expressions. You can also use `INCLUDE`, `NULLS FIRST`, `NULLS LAST`, and `NULLS [NOT] DISTINCT`.<br />See [`CREATE INDEX`](create-index-syntax-support.md) for the supported syntax. | 
| `DROP` | `INDEX` |  | 
| `CREATE` | `STATISTICS` | For information about the supported syntax of the `CREATE STATISTICS` command, see [`CREATE STATISTICS`](create-statistics-syntax-support.md). | 
| `ALTER` | `STATISTICS` | For information about the supported syntax of the `ALTER STATISTICS` command, see [`ALTER STATISTICS`](alter-statistics-syntax-support.md). | 
| `DROP` | `STATISTICS` | For information about the supported syntax of the `DROP STATISTICS` command, see [`DROP STATISTICS`](drop-statistics-syntax-support.md). | 
| `CREATE` | `VIEW` | For more information about the supported syntax of the `CREATE VIEW` command, see [`CREATE VIEW`](create-view.md).  | 
| `ALTER` | `VIEW` | For information about the supported syntax of the `ALTER VIEW` command, see [`ALTER VIEW`](alter-view-syntax-support.md). | 
| `DROP` | `VIEW` | For information about the supported syntax of the `DROP VIEW` command, see [`DROP VIEW`](drop-view-overview.md). | 
| `CREATE` | `SEQUENCE` | For information about the supported syntax of the `CREATE SEQUENCE` command, see [`CREATE SEQUENCE`](create-sequence-syntax-support.md). | 
| `ALTER` | `SEQUENCE` | For information about the supported syntax of the `ALTER SEQUENCE` command, see [`ALTER SEQUENCE`](alter-sequence-syntax-support.md). | 
| `DROP` | `SEQUENCE` | For information about the supported syntax of the `DROP SEQUENCE` command, see [`DROP SEQUENCE`](drop-sequence-syntax-support.md). | 
| `CREATE` | `ROLE`, `WITH` |  | 
| `CREATE` | `FUNCTION` | `LANGUAGE SQL` | 
| `CREATE` | `DOMAIN` |  | 
| `CREATE` | `SCHEMA` | You can nest `CREATE SEQUENCE` and `GRANT` statements in the `CREATE SCHEMA` command. | 
| `ALTER` | `USER`, `ROLE`, `GROUP` | `RENAME TO` | 
| `ALTER` | `ROUTINE` | `SET SCHEMA`, `OWNER TO`, `RENAME TO` | 
| `COMMENT ON` | `ROUTINE` | None | 
| `DROP` | `ROUTINE` | None | 

## Data Manipulation Language (DML)
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Aurora DSQL supports the following PostgreSQL DML commands.


| Command | Primary clause | Supported clauses | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| `INSERT` | `INTO` | `VALUES`<br />`SELECT`<br />`[ON CONFLICT]` | 
| `UPDATE` | `SET` | `WHERE (SELECT)`<br />`FROM`, `WITH` | 
| `DELETE` | `FROM` | `USING`, `WHERE` | 

## Data Control Language (DCL)
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Aurora DSQL supports the following PostgreSQL DCL commands.


| Command | Supported clauses | 
| --- | --- | 
| `GRANT` | `ON`, `TO`<br />Supported object types include `ROUTINE`. | 
| `REVOKE` | `ON`, `FROM`, `CASCADE`, `RESTRICT`<br />Supported object types include `ROUTINE`. | 
| `ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES` | Configure default privileges for `TABLE`, `SEQUENCE`, `FUNCTION`, and `TYPE` objects. | 

## Transaction Control Language (TCL)
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Aurora DSQL supports the following PostgreSQL TCL commands.


| Command | Supported clauses | Alias | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| `COMMIT` | [`WORK` \| `TRANSACTION`]<br />[`AND NO CHAIN`] | `END` | 
| `BEGIN` | [`WORK` \| `TRANSACTION`]<br />[`ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ`]<br />[`READ WRITE` \| `READ ONLY`] |  | 
| `START TRANSACTION` | [`ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ`]<br />[`READ WRITE` \| `READ ONLY`] |  | 
| `ROLLBACK` | [`WORK` \| `TRANSACTION`]<br />[`AND NO CHAIN`] | `ABORT` | 
| `SET CONSTRAINTS` | {`ALL` \| `{{name}} [, ...]`}<br />{`DEFERRED` \| `IMMEDIATE`} |  | 

## Utility commands
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Aurora DSQL supports the following PostgreSQL utility commands:
+ `EXPLAIN`
+ `ANALYZE` (relation name only)